This stage of the disease is known as proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Prolonged damage to the small blood vessels in the retina results in poor circulation to the retina and macula prompting the development of growth factors that cause new abnormal blood vessels ( neovascularization) and scar tissue to grow on the surface of the retina. ![]() When damaged blood vessels leak fluid into the retina it results in a condition known as diabetic macular edema which causes swelling in the center part of the eye ( macula) that provides the sharp vision needed for reading and recognizing faces. Elevated sugar levels from diabetes can damage the small blood vessels that nourish the retina and may, in some cases, block them completely. The primary cause of diabetic retinopathy is diabetes-a condition in which the levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood are too high.
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